Trump, Vance, and Iran’s Ghalibaf Reportedly Digitally Signed U.S.-Iran Agreement Ahead of Swiss Ceremony

The United States and Iran have reportedly already signed a memorandum of understanding through digital signatures, even though a formal public signing ceremony is not scheduled until Friday in Switzerland.

Speaking Monday, Vice President JD Vance revealed that the agreement had been signed electronically the previous day. A senior U.S. official later confirmed that President Donald Trump and Vance signed on behalf of the United States, while Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf signed on behalf of Tehran.

The disclosure means the agreement is effectively in force before the public has seen the final text and before senior officials from both countries gather for the planned ceremony in Switzerland.

A Rare Digital Signature Between Washington and Tehran

The use of digital signatures is one of the most notable aspects of the agreement. Rather than waiting for a traditional diplomatic ceremony, both sides reportedly completed the initial signing electronically, allowing the framework to be finalized immediately.

While digital signatures are common in business and government transactions, their use in a high-profile agreement between the United States and Iran is unusual and highlights the urgency surrounding efforts to stabilize the situation following months of conflict.

According to U.S. officials, the memorandum establishes a framework for negotiations that will continue over the next 60 days, particularly regarding Iran’s nuclear program.

Major Questions Remain

Despite confirmation that the agreement was digitally signed, the full text has not yet been released. Trump indicated that the document would become public at a later date, while other administration officials suggested portions could be released within days.

The lack of transparency has fueled questions about the exact commitments made by both sides. Reports indicate the memorandum addresses the Strait of Hormuz and creates a structure for future nuclear negotiations, but many details remain unknown.

Officials have also offered differing descriptions of how certain provisions will be implemented, particularly regarding maritime traffic through the strategic waterway and the broader diplomatic process with Tehran.

Friday Ceremony Still Planned

Although the agreement has reportedly already been digitally executed, senior American and Iranian officials are expected to attend a formal signing event in Switzerland on Friday.

Vance is expected to participate alongside Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi and Parliament Speaker Ghalibaf. The ceremony is likely intended to publicly formalize an agreement that U.S. officials say has already been electronically approved by both governments.

For now, the digital signing itself has become one of the most significant developments surrounding the agreement, demonstrating that Washington and Tehran moved forward with formal approval before releasing the details to the public.